The Mogao Caves sound like a single cave. They are a Buddhist cave complex cut over ten centuries, from the 4th to the 14th century. More than 700 caves survive, with 45,000 square metres of murals.
In 1900 the Daoist Wang Yuanlu found the Library Cave. Stein, Pelliot and others carried tens of thousands of manuscripts and silk paintings to London, Paris, St Petersburg and Tokyo, and that dispersal created the international field of Dunhuang studies. UNESCO listed the caves on their own in 1987.
The other three stops sit close to town: the old city with its night market at the centre, Dunhuang Museum at 1 km, and the Mingsha Dunes with Crescent Lake at 6 km. The Dunhuang city guide covers the town itself.